• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A composite material consisting of a plastic base material and particles or fibers of renewable raw materials embedded therein, such as wood fibers, nutshells, rice husks, abaca, cellulose fibers, pulp fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, hemp fibers or flax fibers, and optionally an adhesion promoter further contains a wetting agent selected from a polyol and / or a polyvalent Alcohol, and a method of making the composite.
    公开号:AT513561A1
    申请号:T1136/2012
    申请日:2012-10-22
    公开日:2014-05-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Mondi Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a composite material consisting of a plastic base material and embedded therein particles or fibers of renewable raw materials, such as nutshells, rice husks or Abaca cellulose fibers, pulp fibers, viscose fibers, hemp fibers or flax fibers and optionally an adhesion promoter, and to a method for production a composite material in which natural fibers such as cellulose fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, cellulose fibers, hemp fibers or flax fibers are mixed with a plastic base material and optionally additives in a mixing device and compressed in a molding press or extruder to form a composite material.
    Compounds consisting of plastics, such as polyolefins, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, etc.), which contain renewable raw materials such as pulp, viscose, hemp, wood, flax, etc., are in the most diverse However, such uses often require large amounts of a primer to provide intimate bonding between the renewable resources and the plastics. Adhesion promoters are grafted here, for example, in polyolefins, maleic anhydride groups on polypropylene or polyethylene, in order to achieve sufficient connectivity between the plastics and the renewable raw materials. Another problem with such composite materials, however, is that once they contain renewable raw materials or particles of renewable raw materials, the impact strength of the products produced therewith drops drastically, so that the intended use of these materials is limited. Attempts have been made to soften a matrix of plastic and renewable raw materials with the addition of softer or lower molecular weight polymers to increase the impact strength, but with limited success, especially if not already a soft base polymer was made available or used. In order to be able to apply such polymers also in application areas, such as the automotive industry, electrical / electronics industry, logistics industry, it is therefore necessary to significantly increase the impact strength or notched impact strength of the composite materials filled with renewable raw materials or mixed with renewable raw materials, without simultaneously to adversely affect other properties.
    The present invention therefore aims to provide a composite material which, on the one hand, has an increased impact strength or notched impact strength compared to conventional composites consisting of base polymers and additives based on renewable raw materials and, on the other hand, a composite material which is at least as good compared to these conventional composite materials and provide material properties. 1/15
    To achieve this object, the composite material according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it further contains a wetting agent selected from a polyol and / or a polyhydric alcohol. By adding a wetting agent, at least the natural fibers are impregnated with the wetting agent, whereby it is possible to wet or soften the fiber in the composite material and thus to soften, which in case of a load to a higher elongation of the Fiber leads. A higher elongation or extensibility of the fiber has the further consequence that it comes to a facilitated fiber pullout from the composite at break and thus at the same time an improved lubricating or wetting effect at the interface between fiber and plastic is achieved, which in the episode an increased impact strength of the entire composite compared to conventional composite materials in which the fibers have not been subjected to impregnation leads.
    By wetting agent is meant, as used herein, various alcohols, polyhydric alcohols or polyols which attach to and / or penetrate the surface of the fibers, thus wetting or wetting the fibers and thereby softening the fibers in a softer state than the unwetted state hold.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the composite material is preferably designed so that the wetting agent used as a polyhydric alcohol of sorbitol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, nonan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, decan-2-ol , Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol or propanediol. Polyhydric alcohols from the above-mentioned group are characterized by the fact that they are on the one hand sufficiently low in volatility and thus inadvertent evaporation from the composite during processing and thus a disturbance of the internal structure can be avoided with certainty and on the other hand, a sufficient wetting or humidification allow the fibers and thus achieve the desired effect of maintaining the impact resistance.
    According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polyol to be used as wetting agent is selected from polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 90 to 600. In particular, for composites which are to withstand higher temperatures, it has proved to be advantageous that a polyol, in particular a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 90 to 40,000, is used as the wetting agent. By using polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight between 90 and 40,000, in particular 120 to 2,000, in particular the lubricating effect at the interface between fiber and plastic is significantly increased, whereby overall the impact strength of the composite is significantly improved compared to conventional composites without the addition of low molecular weight polyols , 2.15
    Particularly advantageous results are achieved with a composite material in which the wetting agent is contained in amounts of from 0.1% to 6% by weight of the total composite material. When using such amounts, it is possible to increase the impact strength or notched impact strength significantly in comparison to composites which do not contain wetting agent, in particular by up to 150%.
    Particularly high impact strengths or notched impact strengths are obtained with composite materials in which the constituents are present in the following ratios: 30 to 95% by weight of plastic base material, 5 to 70% by weight of renewable raw materials, 0.5 to 21% by weight. % Wetting agent and up to 20 wt .-% additives. By a composite material which receives about twice as much to four times as much plastic base material as renewable raw materials and contains about 1 to 30%, in particular 10 to 20 wt .-% wetting agent in relation to the renewable resources used, it is possible to To increase the impact resistance of filled with renewable raw materials plastic or composite even further.
    In order to prevent mixing and in particular unintentional breaking or detachment of individual materials or a separation of the raw materials contained in the composite with certainty, the composite material according to the invention is further developed in that the additives from a coupling agent, such as with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene or with Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene or chemically modified polyolefins, odor absorbers selected from cyclodextrins, amylose maltodextrins, prepared zeolites, flame retardants, antistatic agents, thermal stabilizers. The use of adhesion promoters makes it possible to produce a composite material which withstands high loads and, in addition to the increased notched impact strength, also has sufficient torsional rigidity without delamination of the individual constituents.
    Particularly good results are achieved according to the invention in that 30 to 95 wt .-% plastic base material selected from polypropylene, polylactic acid (PLA), methyl methacrylate, ABS polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene, are used, 5 up to 70% by weight of renewable raw materials selected from cellulose, wood, regenerated cellulose, hemp, flax, from 0.5 to 21% by weight of wetting agent selected from polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanedial and other additives selected from odor absorbers, processing aids, UV stabilizers, colorants or adhesion promoters. With such a composite or with such composites it is possible, in particular, to increase the impact strength or notched impact strength by 100% or even more%. Thus, it is possible with the composite materials according to the invention to achieve notched impact strengths in the range of 4.5 to 14 kj / m 2. Composite materials with impact strengths of this kind can be used, for example, for the automotive industry, the electrical / electronic industry, the logistics industry. Such an application was with conventional materials due to the low impact strength to date, or insufficiently possible.
    The invention further aims at a method for the production of the composite materials according to the invention, with which it is possible quickly and reliably to produce composite materials containing renewable raw materials, which are characterized by an increased notched impact strength compared to conventional materials.
    To solve this problem, the inventive method is essentially characterized in that the renewable raw materials are impregnated with a wetting agent. By impregnating the regrowing raw materials with a wetting agent, wetting of the fibers before or during mixing is achieved, thus softening the fibers, whereby overall a higher ductility of the composite material produced with the impregnated renewable raw materials can be achieved.
    By, as this corresponds to a preferred development of the present invention, the method is performed so that the plastic base material is impregnated with the renewable raw materials and at least a portion of the wetting agent in an internal mixer, it is easy and fast, all for the formation of the In order to ensure both the adequate wetting of the renewable resources with the wetting agent and to ensure that segregation and inadvertent separation of the individual components forming the composite material is certainly withheld, the composite components required to be brought into contact and intimately mixed.
    By, as corresponds to a development, the process is conducted so that the renewable raw materials are impregnated with a portion of the wetting agent and then the impregnated renewable raw materials are mixed in the internal mixer with the plastic base material and the remainder of the wetting agent and optionally additives, On the one hand, it is possible to ensure that a sufficient and uniform wetting of the renewable raw materials with the wetting agent is achieved and thus moistening and softening of the renewable raw materials is achieved, and on the other hand it is ensured that all materials are intimately mixed with one another and thus a homogeneous and solid composite all materials can be achieved, which after its completion has a significantly increased compared to conventional materials impact resistance or notched impact strength.
    Particularly good results and in particular a particularly significant increase in the notched impact strength is achieved when the process according to the invention is conducted in such a way that the renewable raw materials are impregnated with 30 to 60% by weight of the wetting agent prior to introduction into the internal mixer. By using the renewable raw materials 4/15 vf
    ·· impregnated with 30 to 60 wt .-% of the total wetting agent used prior to introduction into the internal mixer, a sufficient humidification of the renewable raw materials can be achieved and at the same time there is sufficient wetting agent for a homogeneous composite material available.
    An even better distribution and in particular an even more favorable effect can be achieved according to the invention by carrying out the process so that wet renewable raw materials discharged wet from a press are impregnated with wetting agent before they are introduced into the internal mixer. With such a process management, even more even distribution of the wetting agent on the surface of the renewable raw materials is achieved, and thus a composite material can be produced which has completely homogeneous properties in the entire volume or over the entire surface.
    As this corresponds to a preferred development of the method according to the invention, this is performed so that the material mixture from the internal mixer is fed to a molding press or an extruder and is compressed with an atmosphere increased pressure, in particular 5 to 40 bar, which not only products are obtained can, which have completely homogeneous properties, but in particular a variety of any shapes or objects are produced with the composite material according to the invention.
    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figures or embodiments. In this show
    1 is a diagram showing the change in notched impact strength by adding different wetting agents,
    FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing changes in notched impact strength with addition of different amounts of wetting agents; and FIG
    3 shows a comparison of the influence of the different process control on the notched impact strength of a final product.
    Example 1: To produce a composite material according to the invention, the starting materials of a composite material, namely 80% by weight of polypropylene and 20% by weight of cellulose fibers are kneaded at 180 ° C. for 4 minutes in an internal mixer and pressed into a composite material. The notched impact strength of this composite material thus produced was determined to be 3.27 kJ / m 2. The starting material was subsequently changed so that 2% by weight of the polypropylene was replaced by a wetting agent and composites were made by the same procedure. With the addition of 2 wt .-% polyethylene glycol succeeds to increase the notched impact strength to 4.77 kJ / m2, with the addition of 2 wt .-% diethylene glycol the notched impact strength is increased to 5.79 kJ / m2 and with the addition of Propandiol succeeds in increasing the notched impact strength to 6.51 kJ / m 2, as can be seen from the appended FIG. 1.
    Example 2: The procedure of Fig. 1 is repeated except that the amount of the wetting agent used is varied in order to recognize the influence of the amount of a wetting agent on the impact value.
    Into the starting material of Fig. 1, 2% by weight of glycerol was mixed as a wetting agent, whereupon an impact value of 10.55 kJ / m 2 was obtained. Addition of the same starting mixture of 4% by weight of glycerol results in an increase in notched impact strength of 13.82 kJ / m 2, as can be seen in FIG. 2. From this comparison it can be seen that an increase in the notched impact strength can be achieved by increasing the amount added.
    Example 3: A base composite material as described in Fig. 1 was prepared without the addition of a wetting agent. This base composite thus prepared was compared to a composite material containing 20% fiber content and 2% wetting agent, the process being chosen once as described in Example 1, in which process a notched impact strength of 5.85 kJ / m 2 was achieved. compared to a notched impact strength of 4.75 kJ / m2 for a composite material without addition of wetting agent. The wetting agent here was selected to be a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 150.
    Finally, in another process procedure, the polyethylene glycol was used prior to introduction into the internal mixer for impregnating the cellulose fibers and the cellulose fibers impregnated in this way were subsequently introduced into the internal mixer and mixed with the plastic base material as described in Example 1 and pressed into a composite material. A composite material produced in this way exhibited a notched impact strength of 6.23 kJ / m 2 compared to 5.85 kJ / m 2 in the process of FIG. 1 compared to the production process described in FIG. 1. From these results it can be seen that in Depending on the chosen process control of the notched impact strength can be further increased.
    In Examples 4 to 8, the process of Fig. 1 was maintained and the development of impact strength of composite materials with a variety of fibers of renewable raw materials and with different wetting agents was investigated.
    Notched impact values were measured at 23 ° C as in the previous examples.
    Example 4: A composite material of 45% by weight of polypropylene, 50% by weight of wood fibers and 5% by weight of polyethylene glycol was processed into a composite material as described in Example 1. The notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C.) was 6.46 kJ / m 2 for the composition used in Example 4, with a comparable composite material without addition of wetting agent, ie. without addition of polyethylene glycol 3.4 kJ / m2
    Example 5: A composite material of 67% by weight of polypropylene, 30% by weight of hemp fibers and 3% by weight of propanediol was processed into a composite material as described in Example 1. The notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C) was. For the composition used in Example 5, 5.5 kJ / m2 for a comparable composite material without addition of wetting agent, i. without addition of propanediol 2.2 kJ / m2.
    Example 6: A composite material of 67% by weight of polypropylene, 30% by weight of rice husks and 3% by weight of glycerol was processed into a composite material as described in Example 1. The notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C.) was 3.2 kJ / m 2 for the composition used in Example 6, with a comparable composite material without addition of wetting agent, ie. without addition of glycerol 2.1 kJ / m2.
    Example 7: A composite material of 67% by weight of polypropylene, 30% by weight of flax fibers and 3% by weight of glycerol was processed into a composite material as described in Example 1. The notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C.) was 6.1 kJ / m 2 for the composition used in Example 7, with a comparable composite material without addition of wetting agent, ie. without addition of glycerine 3.2 kJ / m2
    Example 8: A composite of 67% by weight polypropylene, 30% by weight viscose fibers and 3% by weight polyethylene glycol was made into a composite as described in Example 1. The notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C.) was 6.2 kJ / m 2 for the composition used in Example 8, with a comparable composite material without addition of wetting agent, ie. without addition of polyethylene glycol 4 kJ / m2. 7/15
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]


    , · ···· β ·· #. 1. A composite material consisting of a plastic base material and particles or fibers of renewable raw materials embedded therein, such as wood fibers, nut shells, rice husks, abaca, cellulose fibers, cellulose fibers, Regeneratzellulosefasern, hemp fibers or flax fibers and optionally an adhesion promoter, characterized in that further comprises a wetting agent selected from a polyol and / or a polyhydric alcohol.
    [2]
    2. A composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyhydric hitj ^ f alcohol from sorbitol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, nonal-1-ol, octan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, decan-2-ol, ^ Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol or propanediol.
    [3]
    3. A composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyol is selected from polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 90 to 40,000.
    [4]
    4. A composite material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that from 0.1 wt .-% to 21 wt .-% wetting agent are included.
    [5]
    5. A composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains 30 to 95 wt .-% plastic base material, 5 to 70 wt .-% renewable raw materials, 0.5 to 21 wt .-% wetting agent and up to Contains 20 wt .-% aggregates.
    [6]
    6. Composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the additives consist of an adhesion promoter, such as polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride or polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride or chemically modified polyolefins, odor absorbers selected from cyclodextrins, amylose maltodextrins, prepared zeolites, flame retardants, Antistatic agents, heat stabilizers are selected.
    [7]
    7. Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the composite material has a notched impact strength of 2 to 30 kJ / m2.
    [8]
    8. Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wetting agent in an amount of 1 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 20 wt .-% with respect to the amount of renewable raw materials is included.
    [9]
    9. A method for producing a composite material, wherein embedded in a mixing device particles or fibers of renewable raw materials, such as wood fibers, nutshells, rice husks, abaca, cellulose fibers, pulp fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, hemp fibers or flax fibers are mixed with a plastic base material and optionally additives and be pressed in a molding press or an extruder to form a composite material, characterized in that at least the renewable raw materials are impregnated with a wetting agent. 8/15 • · · * • · · ·····


    [10]
    10. The method of claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the particles or fibers are impregnated from renewable raw materials with a portion of the wetting agent, that the impregnated particles or fiber of renewable resources in the internal mixer with the Kunststoffbasismateria ! and the remainder of the wetting agent and optionally additives. 11. The method according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the particles or fibers of renewable raw materials are impregnated with 0.5 to 30 wt .-% of the wetting agent prior to introduction into the internal mixer. 12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that wet wet pulp fibers discharged from a press are impregnated with wetting agent. 13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the material mixture is supplied from the internal mixer of a molding press or an extruder and is pressed.
    14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the additives are selected from a primer selected from polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride or polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride or chemically modified polyolefins.

    Vienna, 7th August 2013

    10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the plastic base material with the renewable raw materials and at least a portion of the wetting agent are impregnated in an internal mixer.
    11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the renewable raw materials are impregnated with a portion of the wetting agent, that the impregnated renewable raw materials are mixed in the internal mixer with the plastic base material and the remainder of the wetting agent and optionally additives.
    12. The method of claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the renewable raw materials are impregnated prior to introduction into the internal mixer with 0.5 to 30 wt .-% of the wetting agent.
    13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that wet wet pulp fibers discharged from a press are impregnated with wetting agent.
    14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the material mixture is supplied from the internal mixer of a molding press or an extruder and is pressed.

    Vienna, October 22, 2012 Mondi AG by: Cunow Patentanwalts KG 9/15 Claims: 1. Composite material consisting of a plastic base material and embedded particles or fibers from renewable raw materials, such as wood fibers, abaca, cellulose fibers, cellulose fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, hemp fibers or flax fibers and optionally an adhesion promoter, characterized in that it further contains a wetting agent selected from a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 90 to 40,000 and / or a polyhydric alcohol. 2. A composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyhydric alcohol from sorbitol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, Te-tramethylenglycol, Pentamethylengiycoi or propanediol is selected. 3. Composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that from 0.1 wt .-% to 21 wt .-% wetting agent are included. 4. Composite material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it comprises 30 to 95 wt .-% plastic base material, 5 to 70 wt .-% of particles or fibers from renewable resources, 0.5 to 21 wt .-% Wetting agent and up to 20 wt .-% additives. 5. A composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the additives are selected from a primer selected from polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride or polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride or chemically modified polyolefins. 6. Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the composite material has a notched impact strength of 2 to 30 kJ / m2. 7. A composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wetting agent in an amount of 1 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 20 wt .-% with respect to the amount of particles or fibers of renewable raw materials is. 8. A process for producing a composite material in which in a mixing device embedded particles or fibers of renewable raw materials selected from wood fibers, abaca, cellulose fibers, pulp fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, hemp fibers or flax fibers are mixed with a plastic base material and optionally additives and in a molding press or an extruder into a composite material, characterized in that at least the particles or fibers of renewable raw materials are impregnated with a wetting agent. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the plastic base material are impregnated with the particles or fibers of renewable resources and at least a portion of the wetting agent in an internal mixer.

    [11]
    11/15
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA1136/2012A|AT513561B1|2012-10-22|2012-10-22|Renewable raw materials containing composite material and process for its preparation|ATA1136/2012A| AT513561B1|2012-10-22|2012-10-22|Renewable raw materials containing composite material and process for its preparation|
    KR1020157013246A| KR102152976B1|2012-10-22|2013-10-18|Composite material containing renewable raw materials and method for the production thereof|
    CN201380055081.9A| CN104755537A|2012-10-22|2013-10-18|Composite material containing renewable raw materials and method for the production thereof|
    HUE13791894A| HUE036480T2|2012-10-22|2013-10-18|Composite comprising renewable raw material and a method to produce said composite|
    ES13791894.2T| ES2642880T3|2012-10-22|2013-10-18|Composite material containing renewable raw materials, and method of producing such composite material|
    EP13791894.2A| EP2909256B1|2012-10-22|2013-10-18|Composite comprising renewable raw material and a method to produce said composite|
    JP2015537078A| JP2015532344A|2012-10-22|2013-10-18|Composite materials containing renewable raw materials and methods for producing them|
    US14/437,654| US20150291784A1|2012-10-22|2013-10-18|Composite material containing renewable raw materials and method for the production thereof|
    PCT/AT2013/000176| WO2014063175A1|2012-10-22|2013-10-18|Composite material containing renewable raw materials and method for the production thereof|
    ARP130103811A| AR093083A1|2012-10-22|2013-10-21|COMPOUND THAT CONSISTS OF A BASIC PLASTIC MATERIAL AND A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH COMPOUND|
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